Real conditions

What you will practice

• Build “if you come” with se on the aorist and the short ending n.
• Build “if you do not come” with mez before se.
• Recognize one wish with keşke and a bare se.

Explanation

An open condition

A real condition puts -se or -sa on an aorist stem. The vowel follows the last vowel of that stem. Gelirsen seni ararım means “If you come, I will call you.” gelir has i, so the suffix is -se. “You” on this suffix is only -n, which gives gelirsen, not a form built with -sin. The result is an aorist too, and the verb comes at the end: seni ararım. seni is “you” as a specific object.

If not

Negation stays inside the if-clause. The negative aorist base before -se is -mez or -maz. Gelmezsen seni aramam means “If you do not come, I will not call you.” Compare gelmem, “I do not come,” with gelmezsen, “if you do not come.” A back vowel takes -sa. Yağmur yağarsa, evde kalırım means “If it rains, I will stay at home.” yağar has a, so the suffix is -sa, and “I will stay” is the aorist kalırım.

One wish

The personal endings on -se are the short ones: gelirsem for “I,” gelirsen for “you,” and gelirse for “he” or “she.” There is no extra vowel before m or n. A wish can use the bare suffix, with no aorist vowel in front of it. Keşke gelse means “I wish he or she would come.” The conditions to practice keep the aorist stem, as in gelirsen and yağarsa, then an aorist result.

Examples

1. Gelirsen seni ararım.If you come, I will call you.
2. Gelmezsen seni aramam.If you do not come, I will not call you.
3. Yağmur yağarsa, evde kalırım.If it rains, I will stay at home.
4. Bakarsan görürsün.If you look, you will see.
5. Keşke gelse.I wish he or she would come.

Common mistakes

• Do not write gelirsesin. “You” on this ending is -n: gelirsen.
• Keşke gelse is a wish. The open conditions keep an aorist stem: gelirsen and yağarsa.