B1 · Intermediate · German · 10 min

Konjunktiv II

Konjunktiv II talks about something that is not presented as real: a wish, a hypothesis, or a more polite request. It is not the ordinary past tense.

What you will practice

  • Use hätte, wäre, and könnte for unreal or polite meaning.
  • Build würde plus an infinitive.
  • Keep a real condition and a hypothetical condition apart.

Explanation

Not the past

Ich hatte Zeit is past: I had time. Ich hätte Zeit is Konjunktiv II: I would have time. The same contrast exists for war and wäre. Learners often read the umlaut as decoration. Here it changes the meaning from a real past event to a hypothetical one.

The forms to learn first

For most verbs, the practical form is würde plus the infinitive at the end: Ich würde mehr lesen. A polite request works the same way: Würdest du mir helfen? Also memorize the short forms that do not need würde: hätte, wäre, and könnte. Ich könnte morgen kommen is the usual way to say you would be able to come.

wenn clauses

A real condition uses the present: Wenn ich Zeit habe, komme ich. A hypothetical one uses Konjunktiv II in the wenn clause: Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich kommen. The verb in the wenn clause is still at the end. Wenn ich würde Zeit haben puts würde in the wrong place.

Examples

  1. Ich hätte Zeit.I would have time.
  2. Ich wäre froh.I would be glad.
  3. Würdest du mir helfen?Would you help me?
  4. Ich könnte morgen kommen.I could come tomorrow.
  5. Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich kommen.If I had time, I would come.

Common mistakes

  • Do not translate every English “would” with a past tense. Ich hatte does not mean “I would have.”
  • In Wenn ich Zeit hätte, hätte stands at the end of the clause.

Practice

Answer every question, then check. You can read why an answer fits and try the set again.

Question 1 of 6

Which sentence is hypothetical rather than past?

Question 2 of 6

Which polite question is formed correctly?

Question 3 of 6

Complete the hypothetical clause.

Wenn ich Zeit , würde ich kommen.

Question 4 of 6

Ich hatte Zeit means “I would have time.”

Question 5 of 6

A real condition in this lesson uses Wenn ich Zeit habe.

Question 6 of 6

Match the form with the meaning taught here.

hätte
wäre
könnte

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