B1 · Intermediate · German · 10 min
Konjunktiv II
Konjunktiv II talks about something that is not presented as real: a wish, a hypothesis, or a more polite request. It is not the ordinary past tense.
What you will practice
- Use hätte, wäre, and könnte for unreal or polite meaning.
- Build würde plus an infinitive.
- Keep a real condition and a hypothetical condition apart.
Explanation
Not the past
Ich hatte Zeit is past: I had time. Ich hätte Zeit is Konjunktiv II: I would have time. The same contrast exists for war and wäre. Learners often read the umlaut as decoration. Here it changes the meaning from a real past event to a hypothetical one.
The forms to learn first
For most verbs, the practical form is würde plus the infinitive at the end: Ich würde mehr lesen. A polite request works the same way: Würdest du mir helfen? Also memorize the short forms that do not need würde: hätte, wäre, and könnte. Ich könnte morgen kommen is the usual way to say you would be able to come.
wenn clauses
A real condition uses the present: Wenn ich Zeit habe, komme ich. A hypothetical one uses Konjunktiv II in the wenn clause: Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich kommen. The verb in the wenn clause is still at the end. Wenn ich würde Zeit haben puts würde in the wrong place.
Examples
- Ich hätte Zeit.I would have time.
- Ich wäre froh.I would be glad.
- Würdest du mir helfen?Would you help me?
- Ich könnte morgen kommen.I could come tomorrow.
- Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich kommen.If I had time, I would come.
Common mistakes
- Do not translate every English “would” with a past tense. Ich hatte does not mean “I would have.”
- In Wenn ich Zeit hätte, hätte stands at the end of the clause.
Practice
Your result
This lesson is free practice. It does not award a CEFR certificate.
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