B1 · Intermediate · Russian · 10 min

чтобы

хотеть takes an infinitive when the same person does both actions. It takes чтобы plus the past when someone else does the second action.

What you will practice

  • Use the infinitive when the subject stays the same.
  • Use чтобы plus the past when the subject changes.
  • Make the past after чтобы agree with the new subject.

Explanation

Same person

If you want to do something yourself, Russian uses the infinitive. Я хочу читать means I want to read. There is no чтобы. Я хочу, чтобы читать adds a conjunction this pattern does not use, and it leaves the second verb without a person. The infinitive does not mark gender.

A different person

When another person does the action, the pattern is чтобы plus the past. Я хочу, чтобы ты читал means I want you to read, speaking to a man. The past here does not mean past time. It is the form чтобы requires. Я хочу, чтобы ты читать keeps the infinitive after a new subject, and that mix is wrong.

Agreement

The past still agrees. A man is чтобы ты читал. A woman is чтобы ты читала. A group is чтобы они читали. Я хочу, чтобы она прочитала книгу uses the perfective past because the wish is that she finish the book. Same subject, finished or not, still uses the infinitive if she is the one who wants it: Она хочет прочитать книгу.

Examples

  1. Я хочу читать.same subject
  2. Я хочу, чтобы ты читал.you, a man
  3. Я хочу, чтобы ты читала.you, a woman
  4. Я хочу, чтобы они читали.they
  5. Она хочет прочитать книгу.she finishes the book

Common mistakes

  • Do not put чтобы in front of an infinitive when the subject stays the same.
  • After a new subject, the verb is past, and it agrees: читал, читала, or читали.

Practice

Answer every question, then check. You can read why an answer fits and try the set again.

Question 1 of 6

Which sentence means you want to read it yourself?

Question 2 of 6

Which sentence wants a man to read?

Question 3 of 6

Write the conjunction.

Я хочу, ты читал.

Question 4 of 6

Я хочу, чтобы читать is the same-subject pattern.

Question 5 of 6

A new subject after чтобы uses the past, not the infinitive.

Question 6 of 6

Match each past form with the person it fits.

ты читал
ты читала
они читали

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