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A2 · Elementary · German · 11 min

Accusative and dative

The article changes when a noun is the direct object or the indirect object. Masculine nouns show the change most clearly.

What you will practice

  • Mark a direct object with the accusative.
  • Use the dative with helfen and with mit.
  • Put both objects in one sentence in a natural order.

Explanation

Accusative

The accusative is the direct object, the thing or person the action affects. Masculine der becomes den, and ein becomes einen: Ich sehe den Mann, Ich kaufe einen Apfel. Feminine die and neuter das look the same in this lesson’s nominative and accusative. The plural definite article also stays die.

Dative

The dative is used for the person who receives something, and with a small set of verbs you should memorize. helfen, danken, and gefallen take the dative: Ich helfe dem Mann, Das Buch gefällt der Frau. The preposition mit also takes the dative: mit dem Freund, mit der Freundin. für takes the accusative: für den Freund.

MasculineFeminineNeuter
Accusativedendiedas
Dativedemderdem

Both in one sentence

When a sentence has both, the dative person often comes before the accusative thing: Ich gebe dem Kind einen Apfel. dem Kind is dative, and einen Apfel is accusative. If you replace the person with a pronoun, that pronoun still shows the case: Ich gebe ihm einen Apfel.

Examples

  1. Ich sehe den Mann.I see the man.
  2. Ich helfe dem Mann.I help the man.
  3. Ich gehe mit dem Freund.I am going with the friend.
  4. Das Buch ist für den Freund.The book is for the friend.
  5. Ich gebe dem Kind einen Apfel.I give the child an apple.

Common mistakes

  • Ich helfe den Mann uses the accusative after a verb that needs the dative.
  • mit den Freund mixes mit, which wants the dative, with an accusative article.

Practice

Answer every question, then check. You can read why an answer fits and try the set again.

Question 1 of 6

Which sentence uses helfen correctly?

Question 2 of 6

Which phrase uses mit correctly?

Question 3 of 6

Complete the direct object.

Ich kaufe Apfel.

Question 4 of 6

für takes the dative.

Question 5 of 6

In Ich gebe dem Kind einen Apfel, dem Kind is dative.

Question 6 of 6

Match the form with its case in this lesson.

den
dem
einen

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