A2 · Elementary · German · 10 min

Modal verbs

A modal verb changes what another verb means: ability, necessity, permission, or a wish. The modal is conjugated, and the main verb stays in the infinitive at the end.

What you will practice

  • Place the infinitive at the end of a modal sentence.
  • Distinguish können, dürfen, and müssen.
  • Use möchte for a polite request.

Explanation

The pattern

In Ich kann heute schwimmen, kann is the conjugated verb in second position and schwimmen is the infinitive at the end. There is no zu before that infinitive. Ich kann zu schwimmen is the English pattern carried into German, and it is not correct.

Which modal

können is ability or possibility: Ich kann schwimmen. dürfen is permission: Darf ich hier sitzen? müssen is necessity: Ich muss lernen. wollen is what someone intends. sollen is an obligation that comes from someone else, as in a rule or an instruction. mögen in the plain present often means “to like”: Ich mag Kaffee.

möchte

möchte is the polite form learners use for requests. Ich möchte einen Kaffee is softer than Ich will einen Kaffee. The infinitive still goes to the end when there is one: Ich möchte heute zu Hause bleiben. Negation usually sits before the infinitive: Ich kann heute nicht kommen.

Examples

  1. Ich kann schwimmen.I can swim.
  2. Ich muss lernen.I have to study.
  3. Darf ich hier sitzen?May I sit here?
  4. Ich möchte einen Kaffee.I would like a coffee.
  5. Ich kann heute nicht kommen.I cannot come today.

Common mistakes

  • Do not add zu between the modal and the infinitive.
  • müssen is not the same as permission. “May I?” in this lesson is Darf ich?

Practice

Answer every question, then check. You can read why an answer fits and try the set again.

Question 1 of 6

Which sentence uses the modal pattern correctly?

Question 2 of 6

Which question asks for permission?

Question 3 of 6

Complete the sentence.

Ich einen Kaffee.

Question 4 of 6

Ich muss hier sitzen is the ordinary way to ask “May I sit here?”

Question 5 of 6

A polite request for coffee uses möchte.

Question 6 of 6

Match the modal with its use in this lesson.

können
dürfen
müssen

Continue in Surf Language

The app adds listening, review, and a longer path. These pages stay free either way.

Previous lesson: Talking about the past: PerfektAll free German lessonsNext lesson: Accusative and dative Open the app

Start your first lesson.

Choose the language you want to learn. Start in the browser or in the mobile app.

Start learning for free