A2 · Elementary · German · 10 min
Modal verbs
A modal verb changes what another verb means: ability, necessity, permission, or a wish. The modal is conjugated, and the main verb stays in the infinitive at the end.
What you will practice
- Place the infinitive at the end of a modal sentence.
- Distinguish können, dürfen, and müssen.
- Use möchte for a polite request.
Explanation
The pattern
In Ich kann heute schwimmen, kann is the conjugated verb in second position and schwimmen is the infinitive at the end. There is no zu before that infinitive. Ich kann zu schwimmen is the English pattern carried into German, and it is not correct.
Which modal
können is ability or possibility: Ich kann schwimmen. dürfen is permission: Darf ich hier sitzen? müssen is necessity: Ich muss lernen. wollen is what someone intends. sollen is an obligation that comes from someone else, as in a rule or an instruction. mögen in the plain present often means “to like”: Ich mag Kaffee.
möchte
möchte is the polite form learners use for requests. Ich möchte einen Kaffee is softer than Ich will einen Kaffee. The infinitive still goes to the end when there is one: Ich möchte heute zu Hause bleiben. Negation usually sits before the infinitive: Ich kann heute nicht kommen.
Examples
- Ich kann schwimmen.I can swim.
- Ich muss lernen.I have to study.
- Darf ich hier sitzen?May I sit here?
- Ich möchte einen Kaffee.I would like a coffee.
- Ich kann heute nicht kommen.I cannot come today.
Common mistakes
- Do not add zu between the modal and the infinitive.
- müssen is not the same as permission. “May I?” in this lesson is Darf ich?
Practice
Your result
This lesson is free practice. It does not award a CEFR certificate.
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