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A1 · Beginner · French · 12 min

⟦être⟧ and ⟦avoir⟧

être says who or what someone is. avoir says what someone has, and it is also the verb French uses for age. Both presents are irregular.

What you will practice

  • Conjugate être and avoir in the present.
  • Use être for identity and for a job, without an article on the job.
  • Use avoir for possession and for age.

Explanation

The forms

être and avoir are irregular, so learn the present as a set. être is je suis, tu es, il est, nous sommes, vous êtes, and ils sont. avoir is j'ai, tu as, il a, nous avons, vous avez, and ils ont. elle matches il, and elles matches ils. on matches il: on est, on a. When je meets a vowel, write an apostrophe, so ai is written j'ai. vous is one formal person or more than one person.

When to use être

Use être for a name, a quality, and a place of origin: Je suis Marie, Il est grand, Nous sommes de Paris. A job uses être and, in the ordinary sentence, no indefinite article. A man says Je suis étudiant. A woman says Je suis étudiante. The extra e marks the feminine noun. Je suis un étudiant is not the usual form. Age does not use être, so Je suis vingt ans is the wrong pattern.

Subjectêtreavoir
jesuisai
tuesas
il / elle / onesta
noussommesavons
vousêtesavez
ils / ellessontont

When to use avoir

Use avoir for possession and for age. Elle a un frère means she has a brother. J'ai vingt ans means you are twenty years old. From two years upward, the noun is plural ans. One year is the special case J'ai un an. Keep the noun, and do not switch the verb to être. Elle a vingt ans is the model for any age above one. A possessed thing can still take an article, as in Elle a une voiture.

Examples

  1. Je suis étudiante.I am a student. (woman)
  2. J'ai vingt ans.I am twenty years old.
  3. Elle a un frère.She has a brother.
  4. Nous sommes de Paris.We are from Paris.
  5. Il est grand.He is tall.

Common mistakes

  • Vous êtes and vous avez fit both one formal person and more than one person.
  • A job after être normally has no un or une: Je suis étudiante.

Practice

Answer every question, then check. You can read why an answer fits and try the set again.

Question 1 of 6

Which form matches tu with être?

Question 2 of 6

Which sentence gives someone’s age?

Question 3 of 6

Complete the ordinary job sentence with être.

Je étudiante.

Question 4 of 6

French uses être to say how old someone is.

Question 5 of 6

Je suis étudiante is the ordinary way for a woman to name that job.

Question 6 of 6

Match each form of être with its meaning.

suis
sommes
êtes

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